Eight types and characteristics of industrial cleaning agents

There are many types of industrial cleaning agents, and their classification methods are relatively simple, mainly according to their chemical composition: chemical cleaning agents and analytical chemical cleaning agents; If the same cleaning agent has different effects on different stains, or has two or more effects on the same stain, it should be classified according to its main role under normal circumstances. Each of these types of industrial cleaners has its own unique principle of action and scope of application. Aqueous and non-aqueous solvents are cleaned by dissolving or dispersing stains, water is a common and important solvent, and non-aqueous solvents are mainly for organic stains. Surfactants can change the tension of the solvent with a small amount of addition and have a variety of cleaning-related effects, and are classified and widely used according to the ionization state and the type of ionization of hydrophilic groups. The types of industrial cleaners are as follows:

1.Aqueous and non-aqueous solvents Solvents for stains are those substances that are capable of removing the stain from the object of cleaning in a dissolved or dispersed manner and do not produce a new substance of stable chemical composition. It includes both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. (1) Water: Water exists in nature and is also the most important solvent. In industrial cleaning, water is both the solvent for most chemical cleaners and for many stains. In the cleaning process, non-aqueous solvents and various additives are eliminated when stains can be removed with water. (2) Non-aqueous solvents: Non-aqueous solvents include hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, phenols, etc. and their compounds, which are mainly used to dissolve organic stains, such as oil stains and some organic dirt.

2.Surfactants have both hydrophilic polar groups and lipophilic non-polar groups in their molecular structure, and when it is added in a small amount, it can greatly reduce the interfacial tension and liquid surface tension of solvents (usually water), and has the functions of lubrication, solubilization, emulsification, dispersion and washing. There are several ways to classify surfactants. It is usually classified according to its ionization state in solvents and the type of ionization of hydrophilic groups. Common ones include cationic surfactants, ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants. The first three are ionic surfactants. Surfactants have a wide range of applications in daily life and industrial cleaning.

3.Acid-alkali cleaners are converted into dissolvable or dispersed detergents by acid-base reactions with stains (sometimes accompanied by oxidation-reduction reactions) to convert stains into detergents that can be dissolved or dispersed in detergents, mostly organic acids, inorganic acids, alkalis, and salts that are acidic or alkaline after hydrolysis. Most acid-alkali cleaners consist of a solution of acid and alkali plus the necessary modifiers. The other type is the acid or alkali that reacts with the stain in a molten state under high temperature conditions, so that the stain that is originally insoluble or difficult to dissolve in the cleaning medium is transformed into a dissolvable substance, and these acids and bases are often called fluxes. This cleaner is effective when dealing with stains that are difficult to remove with solvents or solutions. Converts stains into soluble or dispersible substances, and fluxes work well on insoluble stains at high temperatures. Oxidizing - Reducing agents rely on chemical reactions to remove specific oxidizing or reducing stains. Metal ion chelators work with metal ions to turn stains into soluble chelates, which are used for rust and inorganic scale cleaning.

4.Oxidation - Reducing Agents Preparations that rely primarily on chemical reactions with stains to remove stains, i.e., reducing agents or oxidizing agents for cleaning, including fluxes. Reducing agents are used to remove oxidizing stains, such as many organic stains. Oxidizing agents are used to remove reducing stains, such as rust.

5.Metal ion chelators convert stains into chelates that are easily soluble in detergents by reacting with metal ions in the stain, and this detergent or additive is a chelating agent. It is often used in the cleaning of rust and inorganic salt scale.

6.Adsorbent The substance that removes the stain through physical adsorption or chemical adsorption of the stain is the adsorbent for cleaning. An adsorbent with a strong affinity for stains should be selected for cleaning. Adsorbents remove stains through physical or chemical adsorption, and choose one with strong affinity for stains. Enzymes use biochemical reactions to promote the decomposition and shedding of organic stains. Sterilization and sludge stripping agent can treat the bacteria and algae and microbial sludge on the surface to be cleaned, there are two types of inorganic and organic, and inorganic substances are often oxidants.

7.Enzymes Enzymes are catalytic proteins produced by animals, plants, and microorganisms. In the cleaning of stains, it can have corresponding biochemical reactions with organic stains to promote the decomposition and shedding of stains. For example, adding protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, etc., to a cleaning agent can speed up the removal of the corresponding stain.

8.Sterilization and sludge stripping agent A chemical agent that can kill the bacteria and algae on the surface to be cleaned and strip off the microbial sludge, that is, the sterilization and sludge stripping agent. It has inorganic and organic substances, and inorganic substances are usually also oxidizing agents.

In conclusion, these different types of industrial cleaners each play an indispensable role in the field of industrial cleaning, meeting the needs of different types of stains and cleaning scenarios.